- γάμος
- γάμος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; sg. and pl. are oft. used interchangeably w. no difference in mng.; cp. SIG 1106, 101–3 διδότω ὁ ἱερεὺς εἰς τοὺς γάμους τὰ γέρη τῷ τὸν γάμον ποιοῦντι; AcThom 4 [Aa II/2 p. 105, 3]. Joseph. distinguishes in Ant. 14, 467f betw. γάμος=wedding and γάμοι=wedding celebration. But for ‘marriage’ he somet. uses the sg. [s. 1a below], somet. the pl. [Ant. 20, 141]; Field, Notes, 16).① public ceremony associated with entry into a marriage relationship, wedding celebrationⓐ gener., pl. (the pl. is used in this sense as early as Hom.; s. also Isaeus 8, 18; 20; BGU 892, 10; 13; 909, 3; Sb 7745, 2; PGiss 31, 16; POxy 111, 2; 927, 2.—Joseph., s. above) γάμους ποιεῖν give a wedding celebration Mt 22:2 (on γ. ποιεῖν cp. Demosth. 30, 21; Menand., Fgm. 450 K. [=454 Edm. III/2 p. 732]; Achilles Tat. 1, 3, 3; Xenophon Eph. 2, 7, 1; Michel 1001 II, 19; Tob 6:13; 8:19; 1 Macc 9:37; 10:58). καλεῖσθαι εἰς τοὺς γ. be invited to the wedding (POxy 1486) 22:3, 9 (cp. Tob 9:5 S).—22:4 (on the parable Mt 22:1–14 s. JSickenberger, ByzZ 30, 1930, 253–61; VHasler, TZ 18, ’62, 25–35). Sg. (LXX) Mt 22:8; J 2:1f; ἔνδυμα γάμου a wedding garment Mt 22:11, 12 (cp. Aristoph., Av. 1692 γαμικὴν χλανίδα; Achilles Tat. 2, 11, 2f).—εἰσέρχεσθαι εἰς τοὺς γ. Mt 25:10 (for the pl. cp. Diog. L. 3, 2 s. b). Colloq. usage may be embedded Mt 22:10, but s. 3 below.ⓑ Banqueting was integral to marriage celebration (cp. Diog. L. 3, 2; Esth 2:18) Mt 22:4; Rv 19:9 δεῖπνον τοῦ γάμου (cp. Diog. L. 3, 2 ἐν γάμοις δειπνῶν; for the theme of an apocalyptic feast [sometimes referred to as ‘Messianic Banquet’ s. ABD IV 788] s. Is 25:6; 4 Esdr 2:38), but the term itself does not mean ‘wedding banquet’; nor do Herodas 7, 86; Diod S 4, 81, 4 support such interpretation.—Whether Lk 12:36; 14:8 refer to wedding celebrations or simply feasts (cp. Esth 9:22) cannot be determined w. certainty (s. IMarshall, Comm. on Luke ’78, 536).② the state of being marriedⓐ of socially recognized nuptials marriage (Diod S 2, 5, 1; Maximus Tyr. 26, 6a; 26, 9d; Chion, Ep. 10; Herodian 3, 10, 5; POxy 905, 4 [170 A.D.] al.; pap; Wsd 14:24, 26; Jos., Ant. 6, 210, Vi.; Just., Tat., Ath.; πρὸς γάμον διδόναι Theoph. Ant. 3, 27 [p. 260, 23]) Hb 13:4; IPol 5:2.—Fig. of the Lamb’s apocalyptic nuptials Rv 19:7, 9.ⓑ of socially unrecognized nuptials (Dem. 18, 129, prostitution; Eur. Tro. 932) ἔκλεψεν τοὺς γ. αὐτῆς of Joseph: ‘he has stolen her nuptials’ has eloped with her (unacceptable in a society in which all aspects of entry into a marriage were governed by protocol) GJs 15:2; cp. vs. 4.③ a relatively large room that could serve as a place for celebration of a wedding, wedding hall ἐπλήσθη ὁ γάμος (v.l. νυμφών q.v.) ἀνακειμένων the hall was filled w. guests Mt 22:10 (cp. Twentieth Century NT et al.). But the absence of any confirmatory usage suggests that this pass. might better be considered under 1a (Mft.: ‘The marriage-banquet was supplied w. guests’).—B. 98. DELG s.v. γαμέω. M-M. TW. Sv.
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